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Computer training services are where a student learns by executing special training programs on a computer relating to their occupation. Computer training is especially effective for training people to use computer applications because the program can be integrated with the applications so that students can practice using the application as they learn.

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Historically, computer training growth has been hampered by the enormous resources required: human resources to create a computer training program, and hardware resources needed to run it. However, the increase in PC computing power, and especially the growing prevalence of computers equipped with CD-ROMs, is making computer training a more viable option for corporations and individuals alike. Many PC applications now come with some modest form of computer training, often called a tutorial.

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Online training is a type of training that is similar to computer training; however, it is delivered over the Internet using a web browser. Online training often includes interactive methods, such as bulletin boards, chat rooms, instant messaging, videoconferencing, and discussion threads. Online training is usually a self-paced learning medium though some systems allow for online testing and evaluation at specific times.

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Computer training courses require careful review before selecting the right one for the user. Buying a computer training course is not as simple as it may seem. Besides the usual system requirements for compatibility, computer training software requires consideration beyond that of the system.

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One can find several computer training courses online by simply entering the term in the Internet search engines such as Google or Yahoo. One must realize however, that just because it shows up at the top of the search results or even on the first page, does not make it a quality computer training course.

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Before searching for the right Computer Training course, the user should make a determination as to the type of learning they need. Do you want computer training courses on Microsoft Office? If so, determine if what particular part of the software suite you would like training on such as Microsoft Word, Access or Excel. You can then conduct a more thorough search for your particular need and find those companies that focus on those areas as you drill down these requirements. This in turn will give you a more qualified computer training course provider.

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One must not limit to online searches but also to other resources. Look through local community college, university and trade school course catalogs for computer training courses. Sometimes you will find that these are cheaper than ones that can be purchased online and they still maintain the asynchronous learning environment.

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On the websites or in catalogs, you should find a more detailed description of the computer training courses offered. Each course should have its own description and a small overview of the course content and curriculum. Together with this information, the website or catalog should contain information about cost of the course, credit if the course is expensive and payment options.

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The majority of computer training courses, especially those online, are independent study courses. There is no professor, teacher or facilitator to assist the student for most cases. Again, research into the history and reputation of the company providing the computer training courses is very important and depending on the price, could cost you a great deal of money and even harm your credit report if caution is not taken.

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Here I am going to give u free guidelines, video tutorials for all this certifications. I am working on that.. Expect the free stuffs soon..

Networking videos

Cisco Networking:

Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO, SEHK: 4333) is a multinational corporation with more than 63,000 employees and annual revenue of US$35 billion as of 2007. Headquartered in San Jose, California, it designs and sells networking and communications technology and services under five brands, namely Cisco, Linksys, WebEx, IronPort, and Scientific Atlanta.

Cisco Certifications:

Cisco Career Certifications are IT professional certifications for Cisco products. The tests are administered by Pearson VUE (Prometric previously administered the test; but as of 1 Aug 2007, no longer does).

There are three levels of certification:

* Associate,

* Professional, and

* Expert.

Associate certifications:

* Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

* Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA)

Cisco certified network associate (CCNA):

Candidates have the option of gaining the certification by passing two tests (ICND1 640-822 and ICND2 640-816), or one single test (CCNA 640-802); the two-test option has the advantage of allowing the candidate to focus on certain subjects.

The certification is valid for three years; at that time a CCNA holder must either

* re-take the CCNA or ICND exam, or

* take and pass an exam for one of the Professional (e.g., CCNP) or Specialist level certifications (excluding the sales specialist exams), or pass the CCIE written exam.

These exams are known by their corresponding numbers. When the curriculum of the exam changes the exam number also changes. The current exam number for CCNA is 640-802 (from 15 Aug 2007). New ICND Part1 (640-822 ICND1) and ICND Part2 (640-816 ICND2) available from 15 Aug 2007. Part 1 by itself will give you a CCENT.

These exams are conducted by authorized test centers at a cost of $125 USD each for the ICND1 or ICND2 exams and $150 USD for the full CCNA exam.

There is also the Cisco Networking Academy, which brings the CCNA and CCNP curricula into traditional educational institutions in over 150 countries.Students enrolled in Cisco Networking Academy can request exam vouchers that allow them to take the retired exam for an extended period of time.

Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA):

The CCDA certification indicates an apprentice knowledge of Cisco network design. Individuals who have earned a CCDA are capable of designing switched or routed networks consisting of LANs, WANs, and various dial services. While a CCNA certification is not required to take the CCDA exam, Cisco recommends being familiar with CCNA material. Also recommended is knowledge of BCMSN.

Professional certifications:

* Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)

* Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP)

* Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP)

* Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP)

* Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP)

Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP):

The CCNP is considered proof of having the ability to work with medium-sized networks (between 100 and 500 end devices) and with technology such as QoS, broadband, VPNs, and security-minded features. To acquire a CCNP one must possess a CCNA certification first and then pass three or four tests, depending on the path one chooses. The four tests path requires the candidate to pass the following tests:

* 642-901 BSCI: Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) – Deals with routing

* 642-812 BCMSN: Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) Deals with switching

* 642-825 ISCW: Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (ISCW) – Deals with wide area networks

* 642-845 ONT: Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT) – Deals with using Qos to tune networks to work effectively with IP Telephony.

The BSCI and BCMSN tests can be taken as one single composite test known as the 642-892 Composite which covers subjects for Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) and Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN).

In order to retain the certification one must either re-certify or pass one of the CCIE written exams before the Professional certification expires. Additional resources and tools to aid in preparing for the certification are available on the CCNP Prep Center.

Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP):

The CCDP certification is an advanced network design certification provided by Cisco Systems, Inc. Candidates for the certification are tested for advanced knowledge of Cisco devices and the way to interconnect them. This certification is considered a professional level certificate by Cisco Systems. (The CCNA and CCDA are prerequisite.)

Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP):

The CCIP certification is a professional certification covering the end-to-end protocols used in large scale networks.

To attain this certification tests must be passed in the areas of routing, BGP, MPLS and Quality of service.

Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP):

The CCSP certification is an advanced network security certification. Candidates for the certification are tested for advanced knowledge of various Cisco security products.

To attain this certification several tests must be passed in the areas of VPN, IDS, PIX firewall, Secure IOS, the Cisco SAFE, as well as having a CCNA or higher level certification (e.g. CCNP or CCIP).

The common practice is to take five exams which include one elective paper. The list of exams and elective papers can be found in the Cisco website.

Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP):

The CCVP is a certification covering all aspects of IP Telephony/VOIP networks and applications.

To attain this certification, five tests must be passed in the areas of Quality of service, Cisco VoIP, IP Telephony Troubleshooting, Cisco IP Telephony, and Gateway Gatekeeper.

Expert-level certifications:

The expert-level certification is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). It is the highest level of professional certification that Cisco provides. There are 5 active CCIE tracks, as shown below. As of April 6, 2008 there are 16,335 people with active CCIE certifications in the world.

Cisco began its CCIE program in 1993 originally with a two day lab, later changing it to the one day format used today. Fewer than 3% of Cisco certified individuals attain CCIE certification, and on average will spend thousands of dollars and 18 months studying before passing. Many candidates build mock-labs at home using old Cisco equipment, selling it again to other candidates after passing. Alternatively candidates may rent “rack time” online and practice lab scenarios on Cisco equipment hosted on the Internet for that purpose.

Cisco refers to the CCIE as the “most respected IT certification”, and from 2002 to 2005 it was voted as such in CertCities magazine. It has also been voted the most technically advanced IT certification by CertMag, and is generally reported as the highest salaried certification in IT salary surveys.

The CCIE is comprised of a written exam and a “lab” exam (each in the specific area of the chosen track). The written exam is required to take the lab exam, and has a cost of $315 USD per attempt. Upon passing the written exam, the candidate is qualified to have a first attempt the lab exam for 18 months. If the first attempt is unsuccessful the candidate has 3 years from the date the written exam was passed to successfully complete the lab. If a candidate does not pass the CCIE lab in that time, they must pass the CCIE
written exam again before making additional attempts at the CCIE lab exam. As many attempts can be made to pass the lab exam for up to 3 years after passing the written, so long as the first attempt is within 18 months. There is a minimum waiting time between attempts of one month.

The CCIE Lab is currently $1,400 USD per attempt and are offered only at ten Cisco lab exam locations worldwide. The locations are Bangalore; Beijing; Brussels; Dubai; Hong Kong; Research Triangle Park, NC; San Jose, CA; São Paulo; Sydney; and Tokyo. Some CCIE tracks do not have lab exams available at all locations. For example, the Storage Networking lab is available only at the Research Triangle Park, NC and Brussels locations. In addition, according to a survey by Cisco the average cost to prepare for CCIE certification is $9,050 as of April 2006, spent mostly on practice equipment and self study material.This is partially offset by the increased salary the certification commands, which a March 2007 Network World article estimates at 10% – 15% over similarly experienced engineers who do not have a CCIE.

The lab is an 8-hour hands-on exam designed to demonstrate that the candidate not only knows the theory, but is also able to practice it. Many prospective CCIEs need multiple attempts to pass the lab exam.

There are no formal prerequisites for the CCIE exam, but Cisco recommends one has at least 3 – 5 years experience in networking before attempting to become a CCIE. CCIE was the first Cisco Certified qualification, and as such there were no other certifications that could be taken prior. The development of the associate and professional certifications was due to recognition of the fact that a CCIE is overkill for many networking personnel, and also for the vast majority of businesses who employ such people, and that certifications needed to be offered at lower levels. Despite the development of the lower certifications, Cisco has chosen not to make them formal requirements for the CCIE certification.

It is possible to hold multiple CCIE certifications. This is done by passing both the written and the lab exam in a particular track. As of November 14th, 2007 there are 1,344 individuals who hold multiple CCIE certifications. Of those, 210 hold three or more CCIE certifications.

* CCIE Numbering

* CCIE Routing & Switching

* CCIE Security

* CCIE Service Provider

* CCIE Voice

* CCIE Storage Networking

* CCDE

CCIE Numbering:

Upon successful completion of the hands on lab exam, a new CCIE is awarded a CCIE number. The first CCIE number allocated (in 1993) was 1024, and has increased incrementally from there. A lower number indicates that the CCIE was awarded some time back, a higher number indicated a more recently awarded certification. As of February 2008, the highest CCIE number allocated was just over 20000.

Number 1024 was allocated to the first CCIE lab location, rather than to an individual, and featured as a plaque at the entrance to the lab. Number 1025 was awarded to Stuart Biggs, who created the first written exam and first lab exam. The first person to pass both CCIE written and lab exams was Terrance Slattery, who was consulting to Cisco at the time when the lab was being devised. Terry Slattery (CCIE 1026) was therefore the first CCIE who passed both exams, and the first CCIE who was not an employee of Cisco.

Any CCIE who obtains further CCIE certifications, is not awarded any further numbers, the new CCIE certification is awarded under the same number as the original.

CCIE Routing & Switching:

Routing and Switching is by far the most popular track with 16,355 certified individuals as of March 25, 2008. The certification covers a variety of networking concepts and protocols including but not limited to the following list

1. Routing and Switching

* Frame Relay

* Ethernet

* Catalyst Switch Configuration

2. IP Interior Gateway Routing Protocols

* Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

* Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

* Routing Information Protocol v2 (RIPv2)

* Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng) – IPv6

* Open Shortest Path First v3 (OSPFv3) – IPv6

* On-Demand Routing (ODR)

* Filtering, Summarization, Redistribution

3. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

* Interior BGP (iBGP)

* Exterior BGP (eBGP)

* Filtering, Summarization, Redistribution, and Traffic Engineering

4. Multicast Routing

* Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

* Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)

* Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)

* Anycast

5. Quality of Service (QoS)

* Classification

* Congestion Management and Avoidance

* Policing and Shaping

* Signaling

6. Security

* Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)

* Traffic Filtering

* IOS Firewall Feature Set

* Access Lists

* Routing Protocol and Catalyst Security

7. IP and IOS Features

* IP addressing

* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

* Next Hop Redundancy Protocols (HSRP, VRRP, GLBP)

* IP services

* IOS user interfaces

* System management

* Network Address Translation (NAT)

* Network Time Protocol (NTP)

* Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

* Remote Monitoring (RMON)

* IP Accounting

* Service Level Agreement (SLA)

CCIE Security:

The Security track concentrates on network security and covers subjects such as ASA, IDS, IOS security, and many others.

CCIE Service Provider:

The Service Provider track focuses on networking in the service provider industry. Subjects include Optical networks, DSL, WAN switching, Voice over IP, Content Networking, Broadband Cable and Metro Ethernet.

CCIE Voice:

The Voice track concentrates on voice solutions for the enterprise and includes subjects such as QoS, MGCP, Call Manager (Cisco’s VoIP PBX), Cisco Unity (Cisco’s Unified Messaging platform), Unity Express and IP Contact Center Express.

CCIE Storage Networking:

The latest addition to the CCIE certification tracks is the CCIE Storage Networking track. As the name suggests, the Storage Networking track concentrates on storage networking topics, such as Fibre Channel, iSCSI, FCIP, Intra VSAN Routing and FICON.

CCDE:

Cisco Certified Design Expert CCDE Assesses advanced Network Infrastructure Design Principles and Fundamentals for large networks. A CCDE can demonstrate an ability to develop solutions which address planning, design, integration, optimization, operations, security and ongoing support focused at the infrastructure level for customer networks.

Prerequisites for CCDE There are no formal prerequisites for CCDE certification. Other professional certifications or training courses are not required.

Recommended Training and Experience It is expected that the candidate will have an in-depth understanding of the topics in the exam blueprints, a minimum of seven years job experience, and a thorough understanding of networking infrastructure principles. Please view the written exam information page for more details.

Step One: CCDE Written Exam You must pass the two-hour, written qualification exam which covers advanced networking infrastructure design principles and concepts. Once you pass the qualification exam, you are them eligible to schedule the practical exam.

Step Two: CCDE Practical Exam The CCDE practical exam is still in development, however it will b
e an eight-hour exam that will test your ability to identify, manage, and create advanced solutions for large scale networks. You must pass the lab within three years of passing the written exam in order to achieve certification.

Here I am going to give u free guidelines, video tutorials for all this certifications. I am working on that.. Expect the free stuffs soon..

What exactly is the difference is between a Personal Assistant, an Executive Assistant, an Admin Assistant and a Secretary? I thought I knew – after all, I’ve been using these terms for years – but it’s not altogether clear. I’ve tried asking my PA to explain. She says “it’s easy” and then I get progressively more confused as she runs through the details.

Perhaps you have the same problem… or, perhaps it’s just me?

Anyway, I decided to get to the bottom of it. I’ve Googled it, asked other PAs and secretaries and distilled their explanations down to a few lines. It might seem obvious when you read it, but having it written down it has helped me understand these terms a lot better.

Virtual Assistant (VA) The answer, I now believe, starts with understanding the term Virtual Assistant. It’s a relatively new term, invented to describe someone who can assist you with a multitude of administrative tasks remotely – via the internet – using information and communication technology.

These “administrative tasks” in fact cover all of the possible tasks that any PA, EA or AA might undertake, except the ones that require a physical presence such as greeting visitors and providing refreshments. It’s a convenient umbrella term, no more than that.

We also hear specific terms such as Virtual PA and Remote Secretary. These are just another way to describe the PA and Secretary roles that are being executed via the internet. In trying to be more descriptive, these terms can lead people to believe something else is happening, but it’s not, it’s just describing a PA or a Secretary at the end of the day.

So, if you want to know what a VA actually does – or potentially can do – you have to understand their “real role” capabilities… are they a PA, EA, AA or Secretary?

Personal Assistant (PA) PAs have been around since the industrial revolution, as a backbone of British industry, keeping business owners, executive and managers operating as efficiently and effectively as possible.

The primary role of a PA is to manage their bosses’ time. They will manage their diary, schedule their day, screen incoming calls and filter their email, generally helping them to juggle the demands of a busy job. They will also do their typing and take care of organising meetings and events, booking travel and accommodation, and managing their itinerary for overseas trips.

In smaller businesses, a PA to the Owner will often perform “front office” duties for the business, dealing with customers and suppliers. They may also act on behalf of their boss and make decisions within certain boundaries, taking on some limited managerial responsibilities.

Executive Assistant (EA) The PA role has developed and expanded over recent years. Large firms used to appoint their high flyers work as PA to the Chief Executive to gain experience of running the company, but now we see this more frequently in smaller firms. These PAs are referred to as Executive Assistants.

EAs will carry out most of the tasks of a traditional PA, since their primary duties are still to manage their bosses’ time, to help them to be as efficient and effective as possible. However, an EA has greater responsibilities than a PA, and will have managerial or executive status.

The EA will often act on behalf of their boss, helping them to carry out his/her duties. They may act as proxy in their bosses’ absence, standing in for them at meetings or sending communications on their behalf. They may also attend management meetings, brief junior managers and provide “executive input” to projects, negotiations, recruitment and other important business matters.

Secretary A Secretary generally operates at a lower level than a PA, with less responsibility and status. They may support an individual manager or a group of managers, with a similar aim to help them to be more effective, but the relationship will be less personal, the role less “front office” and the tasks more administrative. A Secretary is often more of a “back office” support role.

The primary role of a Secretary can vary. If the job focus is supporting a manager, then they may manage their diary, book appointments and organise travel just like a PA. However, if it’s about providing administrative support then they may spend most of their time typing documents and general correspondence, preparing spreadsheets, reports and presentations.

Administrative Assistant (AA) An Admin Assistant role is not about providing personal support. The job focus will be on business process admin and general office admin – all “back office” work. There may be some overlap with the administrative side of secretarial work, but it will be the more routine and mundane aspects.

The tasks that an AA will perform will vary depending on the department they work in. If they are supporting Sales they may type quotations, process orders or prepare sale reports. If they are in Purchasing they may place orders, deal with supplier queries or prepare reports. General office tasks might include data entry, printing, mailing, scanning, copying and filing.

I hope this helps your understanding of Virtual Assistants, it has mine!